Maximum Deformation Ratio of Droplets of Water-Based Paint Impact on a Flat Surface

In this research, the maximum deformation ratio of water-based paint droplets impacting and spreading onto a flat solid surface was investigated numerically based on the Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the level set method. The effects of droplet size, impact velocity, and equilibrium contact angle are taken into account. The maximum deformation ratio increases as droplet size and impact velocity increase, and can scale as We1/4, where We is the Weber number, for the case of the effect of the droplet size. Finally, the effect of equilibrium contact angle is investigated, and the result shows that spreading radius decreases with the increase in equilibrium contact angle, whereas the height increases. When the dimensionless time t* < 0.3, there is a linear relationship between the dimensionless spreading radius and the dimensionless time to the 1/2 power. For the case of 80◦ ≤ θe ≤ 120◦, where θe is the equilibrium contact angle, the simulation result of the maximum deformation ratio follows the fitting result. The research on the maximum deformation ratio of water-based paint is useful for water-based paint applications in the automobile industry, as well as in the biomedical industry and the real estate industry. Please check all the part in the whole passage that highlighted in blue whether retains meaning before.